Hematuria macroscópica como signo inicial del cáncer primario de uretra. Reporte de caso / Macroscopic hematuria as an initial sign of primary urethral cancer. Case report

Fundamento: El cáncer primario de uretra se define como el tumor cuya primera lesión se localiza en la uretra; es infrecuente, el mismo representa menos del 1 % de los tumores malignos y el 5 % de los tumores malignos del sistema urinario. La extensión de este proceso a la glándula prostática genera sintomatología urinaria obstructiva e irritativa y cuadros agudos como la hematuria macroscópica. Objetivo: Presentar el caso de un paciente con cáncer primario de uretra en su variedad urotelial con hematuria macroscópica como forma clínica de presentación. Presentación del caso: Caso clínico de un paciente masculino de 75 años de edad, con hematuria macroscópica como forma clínica de presentación de cáncer primario de uretra en su variedad urotelial, el cual se diagnosticó anatomopatológicamente durante el estudio de la hematuria. Conclusiones: El caso que se presenta permite alertar a la comunidad científica que en pacientes que presentan hematuria macroscópica, sin manifestaciones urológicas obstructivas ni irritativas, también debe tenerse en cuenta el diagnóstico de cáncer uretral primario, aunque sea un signo infrecuente como forma clínica de presentación de esa enfermedad.

Background: Primary urethral cancer is defined as a tumor whose first lesion is located in the urethra; is very uncommon, represents less than 1% of malignant tumors and 5% of malignant tumors of the urinary system. The extension of this process to the prostate gland creates obstructive and irritative urinary symptoms and acute conditions such as macroscopic hematuria. Objective: To present the case of a patient with primary urethral carcinoma in its urothelial variety with macroscopic hematuria as clinical presentation. Case presentation: Clinical case of a 75-year-old male patient, with macroscopic hematuria as a clinical presentation of primary cancer of the urethra in its urothelial variety, diagnosed anatomopathologically during the hematuria study. Conclusions: The case presented alerts the scientific community that the diagnosis of primary urethral cancer should be considered in patients with macroscopic hematuria in the absence of obstructive or irritative urologic manifestations, although it is a rare sign as clinical presentation of this disease.

Tomografía computarizada con reconstrucción 3D para el diagnóstico de lesiones traumáticas de uretra / Three-dimensional computed tomography reconstruction for the diagnosis of traumatic urethral injuries

RESUMEN La uretrografía retrógrada es la técnica de referencia (gold standard) utilizada clásicamente para hacer diagnóstico de lesiones de uretra. En este contexto se presenta un caso en el que se realizó tomografía computarizada con reconstrucción 3D con contraste intravenoso y endouretral, pudiendo reconstruir la uretra en toda su extensión en forma tridimensional. De esta manera se arribó al diagnóstico de certeza de la lesión de uretra. Como ventaja del método se menciona la posibilidad de diagnosticar ‒ con un solo estudio por imágenes‒ lesiones de todo el tracto urinario, órganos sólidos, huecos y lesión del anillo pélvico asociados al traumatismo, con una alta sensibilidad y especificidad sin necesidad de requerir otros estudios complementarios.

ABSTRACT Retrograde urethrography is the gold standard method for the diagnosis of urethral injuries. In this setting, we report the use of computed tomography with intravenous injection and urethral administration of contrast medium and 3D reconstruction of the entire urethra. The definitive diagnosis of urethral injury was made. The advantage of this method is the possibility of making the diagnosis of traumatic injuries of the entire urinary tract, solid organs, hollow viscera and of the pelvic ring within a single imaging test, with high sensitivity and specificity, with no need to perform other complementary tests.

Ressecção endoscópica de extensa lesão condilomatosa uretral ­ relato de caso e revisão da literatura / Endoscopic resection of extensive urethal condilomatic injury - case report and literature review

Introdução: O Condiloma uretral é uma infecção sexualmente transmissível comum associada ao vírus do papiloma humano. O acometimento na uretra é raro, principalmente quando trata-se de um paciente HIV positivo com carga viral indetectável. Objetivo: Tem como objetivo discutir sobre o acometimento uretral do papiloma vírus e as possíveis formas de tratamento, assim como revisar a literatura. Relato de caso: O paciente em questão apresentou suspeita de carcinoma de células de transição, sendo encaminhado para tratamento, porém afastado essa suspeita e fechando diagnóstico para lesão condilomatosa uretral, sendo realizado tratamento por ressecção endoscópica das lesões com energia monopolar. Discussão: O acometimento uretral ocorre em até 5% dos casos, e o mesmo apresenta alta probabilidade de malignização. Não existem diretrizes específicas sobre o manejo do condiloma intra-uretral, pois trata-se de uma patologia rara. O objetivo dos tratamentos é remover as verrugas e induzir períodos livre de lesões, sendo que o conservador com crioterapia e o ácido tricloroacético nem sempre são aplicáveis à uretra devido ao difícil acesso. A ressecção endoscópica das lesões tem se mostrado mais eficaz. Conclusão: Urologistas e patologistas devem estar cientes dessa rara possibilidade, a fim de evitar erros de diagnóstico acerca dessa entidade predominantemente benigna. Desta forma apresentamos um caso de ressecção endoscópica de extensa lesão condilomatosa em uretra peniana de uma paciente masculino hemofílico e HIV positivo. [au]

Introduction: Urethral condyloma is a common sexually transmitted infection associated with the human papillomavirus (HPV). Affection in the urethra is rare, especially when dealing with an HIV positive patient with an undetectable viral load. Objective: It aims to discuss the urethral involvement of the papillomavirus and the possible forms of treatment, as well as to review the literature. Case report: The patient in question presented suspicion of transitional cell carcinoma, being referred for treatment, but this suspicion was removed and the diagnosis of urethral condylomatous lesion was closed, with treatment by endoscopic resection of the lesions with monopolar energy. Discussion: Urethral involvement occurs in up to 5% of cases, and it has a high probability of malignancy. There are no specific guidelines on the management of intra-urethral condyloma, as it is a rare condition. The goal of treatments is to remove warts and induce injury-free periods, the conservative with cryotherapy and trichloroacetic acid not always being applicable to the urethra due to difficult access. Endoscopic resection of the lesions has been shown to be more effective. Conclusion: urologists and pathologists should be aware of this rare possibility, in order to avoid diagnostic errors about this predominantly benign entity. Thus, we present a case of endoscopic resection of an extensive condylomatous lesion in the penile urethra of a male patient with hemophilia and HIV positive. [au]

Complicaciones y re intervenciones de las cintas transobturadoras y retropúbicas en el Hospital Militar Central, Bogotá 2015-2020

la incontinencia urinaria (IU), se define por la Sociedad Internacional de Continencia, como la perdida involuntaria de orina, una condición potencialmente tratable con disminución de la calidad de vida de las mujeres en diferentes aspectos, entre ellos la salud sexual con su pareja y su bienestar social. Se han descrito que solo el 44,9 % de las mujeres consultan, teniendo mayores tasas de depresión y ansiedad. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la aparición de complicaciones intraoperatorias y posoperatorias con la realización de cintas transobturadora y retropúbica en el Hospital Militar Central en Bogotá durante el periodo 2015 al 2020. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo de corte longitudinal, en el Hospital Militar Central en Bogotá; se incluyeron todas las pacientes con diagnósticos de incontinencia urinaria, tanto de esfuerzo, como de urgencias y/o mixtas, intervenidas con cintas medios uretrales libres de tensión por vía retropúbica o transobturadora. Las complicaciones posteriores al procedimiento quirúrgico la más prevalente fue el dolor con un 96,8 %, seguida de infección urinaria o expulsión de la banda con un 8,6 %; entre otras complicaciones menos frecuentes como hematomas, dispareunia y abscesos. La mayoría de las pacientes obtuvieron una adecuada respuesta clínica en el postoperatorio, el 77 % no requirió ningún manejo adicional. Las cintas mediouretrales, proporcionan un buen resultado con una baja incidencia de complicaciones quirúrgicas y recidiva, con mejoría de la calidad de vida de la paciente frente a su patología de incontinencia urinaria.

The International Continence Society defines urinary incontinence (UI) as the involuntary loss of urine, a potentially treatable condition with a decrease in the quality of life of women in different aspects, including sexual health with their partner and their social well-being. It has been described that only 44.9% of women consult, having higher rates of depression and anxiety. The objective of this research was to determine the occurrence of intraoperative and postoperative complications with the performance of transobturator and retropubic taping at the Central Military Hospital in Bogota during the period 2015 to 2020. An observational, descriptive, retrospective, retrospective. All patients with diagnoses of urinary incontinence, both stress, emergency, and/or mixed, operated with tension-free mid-urethral tapes by retropubic or transobturator route were included. The most prevalent complications after the surgical procedure were pain (96.8 %), followed by urinary tract infection or expulsion of the band (8.6 %), among other less frequent complications such as hematomas, dyspareunia, and abscesses. Most patients obtained an adequate clinical response in the postoperative period, 77 % did not require additional management. Mediourethral tapes provide a good result with a low incidence of surgical complications and recurrence, improving the patient's quality of life concerning her urinary incontinence pathology.

a incontinência urinária (IU) é definida pela Sociedade Internacional de Continência como a perda involuntária de urina, uma condição potencialmente tratável com uma diminuição na qualidade de vida das mulheres em diferentes aspectos, incluindo a saúde sexual com seu parceiro e seu bem-estar social. Foi relatado que apenas 44,9% das mulheres consultam, apresentando taxas mais altas de depressão e ansiedade. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar a ocorrência de complicações intraoperatórias e pós-operatórias com fita transobturatória e retropúbica no Hospital Militar Central de Bogotá, Colômbia, durante o período de 2015 a 2020. Foi realizado um estudo observacional, descritivo, retrospectivo de corte longitudinal no Hospital Militar Central de Bogotá, incluindo todos os pacientes diagnosticados com incontinência urinária, tanto de esforço, de emergência e/ou mista, operados com slings mediouretrais sem tensão via retropúbica ou transobturatória. As complicações mais prevalentes após o procedimento cirúrgico foram dor (96,8%), seguida de infecção do trato urinário ou expulsão da faixa (8,6%), entre outras complicações menos frequentes, como hematomas, dispareunia e abscessos. A maioria dos pacientes teve uma resposta clínica adequada no pós-operatório e 77% não precisaram de nenhum tratamento adicional. Os slings mediouretrais proporcionam um bom resultado com baixa incidência de complicações cirúrgicas e recorrência, com melhora na qualidade de vida da paciente com relação à sua patologia de incontinência urinária.

Urethral leiomyoma: combined vaginal and abdominal approach - a case report / Mioma uretral: abordagem combinada vaginal e abdominal - um relato de caso

Abstract Introduction: leiomyomas are benign mesenchymal tumors of smooth muscle origin that can develop in various locations. Urethral leiomyomas are rare, with approximately only 120 cases reported in the literature. These tumors often occur in the third and fourth decades of life but are rare in menopausal patients. In general, treatment involves surgery, only three recurrence reports in the literature. Description: a case report on a 56-year-old woman; the patient had type II diabetes mellitus and chronic high blood pressure, was overweight (body mass index, 27.1 kg/m2), and a smoker. Besides this, the patient presented symptoms of urinary obstruction and had a large urethral leiomyoma. The tumor was completely removed with no associated urethral lesions using a complex, combined abdominalvaginal surgical approach. Discussion: the management and treatment on urethral leiomyomas is challenging and have not been established yet due to the rarity of these tumors.

Resumo Introdução: os leiomiomas são tumores mesenquimais benignos de origem muscular lisa, podendo manifestar-se em diversas localizações. Os leiomiomas uretrais são raros, tendo apenas aproximadamente 120 casos relatados na literatura. São mais comuns na terceira e quarta décadas de vida, sendo raros em pacientes menopausadas. Em geral, são tratados cirurgicamente, com apenas três relatos de recidivas na literatura. Descrição: relato de caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, 56 anos, portadora de diabetes mellitus do tipo II, hipertensão arterial crônica, sobrepeso (IMC 27,1Kg/m2) e tabagismo. Além disso, com quadro de sintomas obstrutivos urinários e portadora de um grande leiomioma uretral, este que foi completamente removido, através de uma desafiadora abordagem cirúrgica combinada (abdominal e vaginal), sem lesões uretrais associadas. Discussão: os leiomiomas uretrais são tumores raros e seu manejo é desafiador e ainda não foi estabelecido.

Uretroplastia término terminal y reconstrucción cavernosa temprana en ruptura bilateral de origen traumático / End-to-End Urethroplasty and Early Cavernous Reconstruction in Bilateral Rupture of Traumatic Origin / Uretroplastia término-terminal e reconstrução cavernosa precoce em rotura bilateral de origem traumática

Introducción. La fractura de pene es una emergencia urológica rara, se desconoce la incidencia real dado el subregistro causado por la reducida consulta de los pacientes, resultado del embarazoso contexto. En Estados Unidos alcanza un 38% donde la etiología de índole sexual predomina. En Colombia hay escasos reportes publicados. El diagnóstico de esta entidad es netamente clínico. El objetivo de este trabajo es reportar una evolución satisfactoria en términos de función miccional y eréctil en un paciente sometido a reconstrucción cavernosa y uretral temprana en rotura bilateral de origen traumático mediante una técnica quirúrgica poco convencional, de acuerdo con lo hallado en la literatura. Presentación del caso. Paciente masculino de 30 años, previamente sano, quien consultó al servicio de urgencias por uretrorragia, edema y dolor peneano secundario a trauma contuso del mismo durante relación sexual. El reporte ecográfico mostró disrupción en túnica albugínea del cuerpo esponjoso, hematoma y aparente transección uretral; se realizó exploración quirúrgica 6 horas después, con evidencia de fractura de cuerpos cavernosos, laceración del 40% de la circunferencia, transección completa de la uretra y cuerpo esponjoso. Se realizó rafia de cuerpos cavernosos y uretroplastia término terminal de uretra bulbar, con evolución clínica satisfactoria. Discusión. La reconstrucción quirúrgica en menos de 24 horas en fractura de pene disminuye significativamente la estancia hospitalaria y complicaciones precoces; asimismo, desciende el riesgo de disfunción eréctil, erecciones dolorosas y problemas miccionales. No hay publicaciones que comparen resultados a largo plazo entre los dos abordajes quirúrgicos. Conclusiones. La fractura de pene es una patología poco frecuente con diagnóstico clínico, la cual debe manejarse de manera temprana por cualquier urólogo y, en caso de ser posible, con experiencia reconstructiva y excelentes resultados en la función sexual y miccional.

Introduction. Penile fracture is a rare urological emergency, the real incidence is unknown given the underreporting caused by the reduced consultation of patients, resulting from the embarrassing context. In the United States it reaches 38%, where sexual etiology predominates. In Colombia there are few published reports. The diagnosis of this entity is purely clinical. The aim of this work is to report a satisfactory evolution in terms of voiding and erectile function in a patient who underwent early cavernous and urethral reconstruction in bilateral rupture of traumatic origin by means of an unconventional surgical technique, in accordance with what has been found in the literature. Case Presentation. A 30-year-old male patient, previously healthy, consulted the emergency department for urethrorrhagia, edema and penile pain secondary to blunt trauma to the penis during sexual intercourse. The ultrasound report showed disruption in the tunica albuginea of the corpus spongiosum, hematoma and apparent urethral transection; surgical exploration was performed 6 hours later, with evidence of fracture of the corpora cavernosa, laceration of 40% of the circumference, complete transection of the urethra and corpus spongiosum. Sutures to the corpora cavernosa and end-to-end urethroplasty of the bulbar urethra were performed, with satisfactory clinical evolution. Discussion. Surgical reconstruction in less than 24 hours in penile fractures significantly reduces hospital stay and early complications; it also reduces the risk of erectile dysfunction, painful erections and voiding problems. There are no publications comparing long-term results between the two surgical approaches. Conclusions. Penile fracture is a rare pathology with clinical diagnosis, which should be managed early by any urologist and, if possible, with reconstructive experience and excellent results in sexual and voiding function.

Introdução. A fratura peniana é uma emergência urológica rara, a real incidência é desconhecida dada a subnotificação causada pela reduzida consulta de pacientes, resultado do contexto constrangedor. Nos Estados Unidos chega a 38% onde predomina a etiologia de natureza sexual. Na Colômbia há poucos relatórios publicados. O diagnóstico desta entidade é puramente clínico. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar uma evolução satisfatória da função miccional e erétil em um paciente submetido à reconstrução cavernosa e uretral precoce em ruptura bilateral de origem traumática por meio de técnica cirúrgica não convencional, de acordo com o que foi encontrado na literatura. Apresentação do caso. Paciente do sexo masculino, 30 anos, previamente saudável, procurou o pronto-socorro por uretrorragia, edema e dor peniana secundária a trauma contuso durante a relação sexual. O relatório do ultrassom mostrou ruptura na túnica albugínea do corpo esponjoso, hematoma e transecção uretral aparente; a exploração cirúrgica foi realizada 6 horas depois, com evidência de fratura dos corpos cavernosos, laceração de 40% da circunferência, transecção completa da uretra e corpo esponjoso. Foram realizadas ráfia dos corpos cavernosos e uretroplastia término-terminal da uretra bulbar, com evolução clínica satisfatória. Discussão. A reconstrução cirúrgica em menos de 24 horas nas fraturas penianas reduz significativamente o tempo de internação e as complicações precoces. Da mesma forma, diminui o risco de disfunção erétil, ereções dolorosas e problemas de micção. Não há publicações comparando os resultados a longo prazo entre as duas abordagens cirúrgicas. Conclusões. A fratura peniana é uma patologia rara com diagnóstico clínico, que deve ser tratada precocemente por qualquer urologista e, se possível, com experiência reconstrutiva e excelentes resultados na função sexual e miccional.

Manejo quirúrgico de prolapso uretral en pediatría: Reporte de caso / Surgical management of urethral prolapse in pediatrics: A case report

Introducción. El prolapso uretral es una entidad poco común, con una incidencia estimada de 1 en 3000 mujeres. Se presenta cuando la mucosa uretral sobresale espontáneamente más allá del meato uretral. Es una patología poco diagnosticada dada su baja frecuencia y de allí la importancia de conocer sobre su presentación, diagnóstico y tratamiento. El objetivo de este artículo fue presentar el caso de una paciente de 10 años con diagnóstico de prolapso uretral y su manejo quirúrgico. Caso clínico. Paciente femenina de 10 años, que consultó por cuadro clínico de 1 año de evolución consistente en dolor en región urogenital, que se irradiaba a hipogastrio, asociado a pujo y disuria, a quien se le diagnosticó prolapso uretral y se realizó corrección quirúrgica de mucosa uretral prolapsada mediante técnica de Kelly-Burnham modificada. Conclusión. El prolapso uretral es una entidad que con frecuencia es diagnosticada erróneamente pues su diagnóstico es eminentemente clínico. Si bien se ha descrito el tratamiento médico en primera instancia, éste tiene una alta tasa de recurrencia, por lo que en estos casos se prefiere la resección quirúrgica del tejido prolapsado.

Introduction. Urethral prolapse is a rare entity, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 3,000 women. It occurs when the urethral mucosa spontaneously protrudes beyond the urethral meatus. It is a poorly diagnosed pathology given its low frequency and hence the importance of knowing about its presentation, diagnosis and treatment. The objective of this article was to present the case of a 10-year-old patient with a diagnosis of urethral prolapse and its surgical management. Clinical case. A 10-year-old female patient, who consulted for a 1-year clinical picture consisting of pain in the urogenital region, radiating to the hypogastrium, associated with pushing and dysuria, who was diagnosed with urethral prolapse and a surgical correction of the urethral mucosa was performed prolapsed by modified Kelly-Burnham technique. Conclusion. Urethral prolapse is an entity that is frequently misdiagnosed because its diagnosis is eminently clinical. Although medical treatment has been described in the first instance, it has a high recurrence rate, so surgical resection of the prolapsed tissue is preferred in these cases.

Leiomioma parauretral: manifestación clínica inusual, primer reporte de caso en literatura colombiana / Parauretral leiomioma: unusual clinical manifestation, first case report in colombian literatura

RESUMEN El leiomioma parauretral es una neoplasia benigna con pocos casos descritos en la literatura. El leiomioma abarca el 5% de los casos de las masas parauretrales, ocupando el cuarto lugar como una de las causas menos frecuentes, después del divertículo parauretral. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 43 años con antecedente de infección urinaria a repetición, con una masa de 8 cm en pared vaginal anterior de cuatro años de evolución. La cistoscopia fue normal y la ecografía mostró una lesión sólida parauretral. Se realizó resección por colpotomía sin complicaciones, con resultado de patología de leiomioma. Control postquirúrgico y uroflujometría normal. Dentro de las posibilidades diagnósticas ante una masa parauretral, el leiomioma debe considerarse. La sintomatología es variable, siendo los síntomas urinarios los más frecuentes. La ecografía y la resonancia son herramientas fundamentales y el manejo se basa en la resección quirúrgica, generalmente vía vaginal. MÉD.UIS.2021;34(2): 77-82.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Paraurethral leiomyoma is a rare benign neoplasm, with few cases described in the literature. Most of the data on prevalence are based on case series, the leiomyoma covers 5% of the paraurethral masses, occupying the fourth place as one of the less frequent causes, after parurethral diverticulum. Case: 43 years old patient with antecedents of recurring urinary infections and a previous 8 cm mass on the vaginal walls with 4 years of clinical evolution course. Cystoscopy was normal and ultrasound with a solid paraurethral injury. Colpotomy resection was performed without complications, resulting in leiomyoma pathology. Post-surgical control and normal uroflowmetry. Discussion and conclusion: leiomyomas should be considered as a possible diagnosis in case of a periurethral mass presence. Symptomatology is variable. The urinary symptoms are the most frequent as in this case. Ultrasonography and resonance are essential tools treatment are based on surgical resection which is usually vaginally. MÉD.UIS.2021;34(2): 77-82

Gross Anatomy of Urethra and Penis in Uncastrated and Castrated Buck of Black Bengal Goat

SUMMARY: Urethral process, sigmoid flexure, urethra at the pelvic arch and neck of urinary bladder in goats are very much prone to form obstructive urolithiasis. The present study was carried out to establish baseline work on the normal measurement of the urethral passage and different segments of penis of uncastrated and castrated Black Bengal (BB) goat which will be supportive for obstructive urolithiasis management. Different segment of penis along with urethra of 25 uncastrated and 25 castrated male Black Bengal goats were collected from different slaughter house of Chattogram City Corporation. The length and diameter of male urethra and different segment of penis in uncastrated buck were significantly higher (p<.001) than castrated buck. The length of the pelvic urethra was 5.88 ± 0.111 cm and 4.58 ± 0.15 cm in uncastrated and castrated buck respectively. The length of the neck of urinary bladder; root, body, sigmoid flexure, glans penis and urethral process of the penis in uncastrated and castrated buck were 0.688 ± 0.156 cm and 0.38 ± 0.048 cm, 5.02 ± 0.09 cm and 4.24±0.10 cm, 23.48 ± 0.37 cm and 22.74 ± 0.43 cm, 9.2 ± 0.107 cm and 8.18 ± 0.29 cm, 1.92 ± 0.032 cm and 1.44 ± 0.10 cm, 2.32 ± 0.029 cm and 1.78 ± 0.07 cm respectively. The diameter of the neck of urinary bladder, root, body, sigmoid flexure, glans penis and urethral process of the penis in uncastrated and castrated buck were 1.94 ± 0.041 cm and 1.44 ± 0.05 cm, 3.7 ± 0.049 cm and 3.3 ± 0.144 cm, 2.63 ± 0.066 cm and 1.86 ± 0.08 cm, 2.77 ± 0.90 cm and 2.18 ± 0.07 cm , 1.81 ± 0.034 cm and 1.4 ± 0.06 cm, 0.66 ± 0.014 cm and 0.56 ± 0.05 cm respectively. Finally, total lengths of penis in uncastrated and castrated buck were 30.42±0.459 cm and 28.42±0.553 cm respectively. The length and diameter of the neck of the urinary bladder, root, sigmoid flexure, urethral process of the penis are clinically more important for obstructive urolithiasis.

RESUMEN: El proceso uretral, el ángulo sigmoideo, la uretra en el arco pélvico y el cuello de la vejiga urinaria en las cabras son muy propensos a formar urolitiasis obstructiva. El presente estudio se llevó a cabo para establecer un trabajo de referencia sobre la medición normal del pasaje uretral y diferentes segmentos de pene de cabra de Bengala Negra (BB) no castrada y castrada, que serán de apoyo para el manejo de la urolitiasis obstructiva. Se recolectaron diferentes segmentos de pene junto con la uretra de 25 machos de cabras de Bengala negras sin castrar y 25 castrados de diferentes mataderos de Chattogram City Corporation. La longitud y el diámetro de la uretra y los diferentes segmentos del pene en el macho no castrado fueron significativamente más altos (p <0,001) que en el macho castrado. La longitud de la uretra pélvica fue de 5,88 ± 0,111 cm y 4,58 ± 0,15 cm en animales sin castrar y castrados, respectivamente. La longitud del cuello de la vejiga urinaria; raíz, cuerpo, flexión sigmoidea, glande del pene y proceso uretral del pene en el macho sin castrar y castrado fueron 0,688 ± 0,156 cm y 0,38 ± 0,048 cm, 5,02 ± 0,09 cm y 4,24 ± 0,10 cm, 23,48 ± 0,37 cm y 22,74 ± 0,43 cm , 9,2 ± 0,107 cm y 8,18 ± 0,29 cm, 1,92 ± 0,032 cm y 1,44 ± 0,10 cm, 2,32 ± 0,029 cm y 1,78 ± 0,07 cm, respectivamente. El diámetro del cuello de la vejiga urinaria, la raíz, el cuerpo, el ángulo sigmoide, el glande del pene y el proceso uretral del pene en el macho no castrado y castrado fueron 1,94 ± 0,041 cm y 1,44 ± 0,05 cm, 3,7 ± 0,049 cm y 3,3 ± 0,144 cm. 2,63 ± 0,066 cm y 1,86 ± 0,08 cm, 2,77 ± 0,90 cm y 2,18 ± 0,07 cm, 1,81 ± 0,034 cm y 1,4 ± 0,06 cm, 0,66 ± 0,014 cm y 0,56 ± 0,05 cm respectivamente. Finalmente, las longitudes totales de pene en machos castrados y no castrados fueron de 30,42 ± 0,459 cm y 28,42 ± 0,553 cm respectivamente. La longitud y el diámetro del cuello de la vejiga urinaria, la raíz, el ángulo sigmoideo y el proceso uretral del pene son clínicamente más importantes para la urolitiasis obstructiva.

Estado de la urología reconstructiva en Colombia: Tratamiento de la estrechez uretral anterior, una encuesta nacional / Status of Reconstructive urology in Colombia: Treatment of Anterior Urethral Stricture, A National Survey

Purpose El tratamiento mínimamente invasivo de la estrechez uretral tiene altas tasas de recurrencia y re-operación a largo plazo, no obstante, encuestas realizadas en otros países han demostrado que los urólogos tienen poca experiencia con la uretroplastia abierta y hay una preferencia a la utilización de las terapias endoscópicas mínimamente invasivas. El objetivo de este estudio, es describir patrones de práctica del tratamiento de la estrechez de uretra anterior en nuestro país. Métodos Se trata de un estudio observacional descriptivo y para ello se realizó un cuestionario adaptado a nuestro contexto nacional, basado en varios estudios previamente realizados acerca de la experiencia en Urología reconstructiva. Ese cuestionario incluía información sobre la edad, nivel de experiencia en urología general, la experiencia en urología reconstructiva, escenario de la práctica y las técnicas preferidas para el manejo de las estrecheces uretrales pendulares y bulbares. La información fue almacenada de forma anónima, los datos fueron analizados mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS y se realizó un análisis de distribución de frecuencias. Resultados Se obtuvieron 106 respuestas de los urólogos encuestados. Para el tratamiento de la estrechez uretral pendular la mayoría de los urólogos prefiere el manejo endoscópico mínimamente invasivo, seguido de uretroplastia con injerto con porcentajes de 69,9% y 25,5% respectivamente. Solo el 5% prefiere derivar a sus pacientes a un centro especializado. Para la estrechez de la uretra bulbar se prefiere las técnicas mínimamente invasivas, uretroplastia y remisión a un centro especializado en un 44,3%, 41,5% y 14,2% respectivamente. La población más joven y con formación urológica más reciente tiende a hacer más a menudo la uretroplastia con injerto y menos manejo endoscópico, específicamente la uretrotomía interna. En las ciudades intermedias, hay una predilección por el tratamiento endoscópico, especialmente uretrotomía interna. Conclusiones El enfoque de tratamiento mínimamente invasivo de la estrechez uretral es el más frecuentemente elegido a pesar de sus pobres tasas de éxito a largo plazo. Es de destacar que las nuevas generaciones de urólogos muestran más interés y dominio de las técnicas abiertas, tratamiento estándar hoy en día y con bajas tasas de recaídas y reoperación a largo plazo.

The minimally invasive treatment of urethral stricture has higher recurrence and longterm re operation rates. Surveys in other countries have shown that urologists have little experience with open urethroplasty with a preference to the utilization of minimally invasive therapies. We applied a survey to obtain data about practice patterns of the anterior urethral stricture treatment in our country. Methods A survey was performed with adapted questions to our national context based on several surveys previously conducted in other countries about experience in Reconstructive Urology. This questionnaire included information about age, experience level in general urology, experience in reconstructive urology, scenario of practice, and the preferred techniques handling the pendular and bulbar urethral strictures. All information was collected anonymous and data were analyzed using the statistical software package SPSS, and a frequency distribution analysis was performed. Results A total of 106 answers from respondent urologists were obtained. For the treatment of pendular urethral strictures the vast majority of respondents prefer the minimally invasive endoscopic treatment, following by graft urethroplasty with percentages of 69.9% and 25.5% respectively. Only 5% prefer to refer their patients for care at a specialized center. Regarding the bulbar urethral the urologists prefers to perform minimally invasive management, followed by urethroplasty and refer to a specialized center in percentages of 44.3%, 41.5% and 14.2% respectively. The younger and more recent urological trained population tends to make more often graft urethroplasty and less endoscopic management, specifically internal urethrotomy. In the intermediate cities there is a predilection for endoscopic treatment especially internal urethrotomy. Conclusions The minimally invasive treatment approach of urethral stricture is the most frequently chosen despite its poor long-term success rates. It is noteworthy that the new generations of urologists show more interest and mastery of open techniques, which today is the standard treatment with low relapse and long-term re operation rates.

Tiempo de sondaje postquirúrgico recomendado para evitar complicaciones en cirugías endourológicas del tracto urinario inferior / Recommended postsurgical urinary catheterization time to avoid complications in endourological surgeries of the lower urinary tract

RESUMEN Objetivo: determinar el tiempo de sondaje postquirúrgico recomendado para evitar complicaciones en cirugías endourológicas del tracto urinario inferior. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica actualizada sobre el tiempo de sondaje postquirúrgico recomendado para evitar complicaciones en cirugías endourológicas del tracto urinario inferior. Resultados: Se encontró asociación entre un mayor tiempo de sondaje y la ocurrencia de posteriores complicaciones relacionadas cirugías endourológicas del tracto urinario inferior, siendo el período menor a 72h el óptimo para la permanencia de la sonda ve-sical postquirúrgica en este tipo de intervenciones. No se identificaron factores de riesgo asociados a la prolongación del tiempo de sondaje postquirúrgico. Recomendaciones: El tipo de abordaje endoscópico se ha convertido en la actualidad en el tratamiento estándar de oro para la mayoría de las patologías del tracto urinario inferior; sin embargo, se requiere realizar más estudios sobre las complicaciones y factores de riesgo relacionados al tiempo de sondaje postquirúrgico para evitar complicaciones en cirugías endourológicas del tracto urinario inferior

ABSTRACT Objective: to determine the recommended post-surgical probing time to avoid complications in endourological surgeries of the lower urinary tract. Materials and methods: an updated bibliographic review was carried out on the recommended post-surgical catheterization time to avoid complications in endou-rological surgeries of the lower urinary tract. Results: An association was found between a longer catheterization time and the occurrence of subsequent complications related to endourological surgeries of the lower urinary tract, with the period of less than 72h being the optimal period for the permanence of the postsurgical urinary catheter in this type of intervention. No risk factors associated with prolonged postoperative probing time were identified. Recom-mendations: The type of endoscopic approach has now become the gold standard treatment for most lower urinary tract pathologies; However, more studies are required on the complications and risk factors related to the time of postoperative catheterization to avoid complications in endourological surgeries of the lower urinary tract

Prolapso uretral en una niña con sangrado urogenital / Urethral prolapse in a girl with urogenital bleeding

El prolapso uretral es una enfermedad poco frecuente que afecta a la uretra distal. Ocurre, con mayor frecuencia, en niñas negras prepúberes y en mujeres posmenopáusicas. El motivo de consulta suele ser sangrado genital y/o disuria. El tratamiento incluye desde terapia conservadora hasta operaciones quirúrgicas.Se presenta el caso de una niña blanca de 11 años que acudió a Urgencias por flujo vaginal desde hacía 6 días y sangrado genital desde hacía 3 días, que se acompañaba de dolor punzante en la región genital, con disuria ocasional. Se observó una eversión circular de la mucosa uretral con un área granulomatosa y necrótica, por lo que se intervino quirúrgicamente y se realizó una resección del prolapso, con resolución de la clínica

Urethral prolapse is an uncommon condition that involves the distal urethra. It occurs most often in prepuberal black girls and in postmenopausal women. The reason for consultation is usually genital bleeding and/or dysuria. The treatment includes from conservative therapy to surgical interventions.We present the case of an 11-year-old white girl who came to the Emergency Room due to vaginal discharge for 6 days and genital bleeding for 3 days that was accompanied by stabbing pain in genital region, with occasional dysuria. A circular eversion of the urethral mucosa was observed, so the patient was surgically intervened, performing a prolapse resection with clinical resolution

¿Qué factores se asocian con la reestrechez uretral en el paciente llevado a uretroplastia con o sin injerto? / Which Factors are Associated with Urethral re-Stricture in Patient Submitted to Urethroplasty with or without Grafting?

Objetivo Determinar los factores asociados a la reestrechez uretral en pacientes llevados a uretroplastia. Métodos Estudio observacional analítico retrospectivo. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de pacientes llevados a uretroplastia en el HSJ entre 2012-2017. Se realizó un análisis bivariado para estudiar las asociaciones entre la reestrechez uretral posterior a la uretroplastia y las caracteristicas preoperatorias, intraoperatorias y posoperatorias, así como un modelo de regresión logística múltiple. Resultados El total de pacientes llevados a uretroplastia fue de 82. La mediana de edad fue de 52 (RIQ = 35 -67) años. De todos los pacientes incluidos en el estudio 29 (36,2%) presentaron reestrechez. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto a los factores de riesgo en relación con reestrechez uretral en la población de estudio. Dentro de las técnicas quirúrgicas realizadas, los tipos de injerto utilizados en nuestros pacientes fueron la técnica con injerto de mucosa oral y con injerto de prepucio. De los pacientes a los cuales se les realizó uretroplastia con injerto de prepucio 13 (52%), presentaron reestrechez mostrando una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p = 0,02). El tiempo quirúrgico fue mayor en los pacientes con reestrechez uretral (180 min RIQ = 120,0-189,0) comparado con los pacientes sin reestrechez (140 min RIQ = 120,0-198,0). En cuanto al modelo de regresión logística, pacientes llevados a uretroplastia con injerto de prepucio poseen más riesgo de presentar reestrechez uretral comparado con los pacientes a los cuales se les realizó la uretroplastia con otro tipo de injerto o con una tecnica terminoterminal sin injerto OR = 2,91 IC 95% (1,02-8,28). Conclusiones En nuestro estudio solo se encontró que el tipo de injerto utilizado es el único factor asociado al desarrollo de reestrechez uretral posterior a la realización de uretroplastia, otras variables clínicas descritas en la literatura no tuvieron asociación en nuestro estudio.

Objective To determine the association between risk factors, surgical procedure, and postoperative outcomes with stricture recurrence in patients who underwent urethroplasty. Methods An analytical observational study with retrospective data collection was conducted. We reviewed the medical records of all the patients who underwent urethroplasty at HSJ between the years 2012-2017. The analysis of the data included a bivariate model to study the association between the risk factors, surgical procedure, postoperative outcomes and stricture recurrence. Then, we used logistic regression analysis. Results 82 patients underwent urethroplasty: 29 (36.2%) presented stricture recurrence. The median age was 52 (IQR = 35-67) years old. There were no statistically significant differences between the risk factors, postoperative outcomes and stricture recurrence. In surgical technique we used buccal mucosal graft and penile skin graft. Stricture recurrence was observed in 13 patients who underwent penile skin graft urethroplasty showing a significant statistical difference (p = 0.02). The patients with stricture recurrence had longer operative time (180 minutes, IQR = 120.0-189.0) compared to patients without (140 minutes, IQR = 120-198). The logistic regression analysis showed that patients who underwent penile skin graft urethroplasty had a greater risk of stricture recurrence OR = 2,91 IC 95% (1,02-8,28). Conclusions The type of graft used is the only factor associated with the development of stricture recurrence after performing urethroplasty. Other clinical variables described in the literature have no association with our study.

Costo-efectividad de las cintas de uretra media comparada con el tratamiento convencional de la incontinencia urinaria femenina de esfuerzo en Colombia / Cost-effectiveness of Tension-free Mid-urethral Tapes Compared with Retropubic Colposuspension and Pubovaginal Sling in Patients with Female Stress Urinary Incontinence in Colombia

Objetivo Estimar la costo-efectividad de las cintas de uretra media comparada con la colposuspensión retropúbica y el cabestrillo pubovaginal en pacientes con incontinencia urinaria femenina de esfuerzo en Colombia. Métodos Se construyó un árbol de decisión donde se comparó las cintas de uretra media con la colposuspensión retropúbica y el cabestrillo pubovaginal en el tratamiento quirúrgico de la incontinencia urinaria femenina de esfuerzo. La perspectiva fue la del tercer pagador incluyendo todos los costos directos. Todas las cifras monetarias se expresaron en pesos colombianos de 2019. La unidad de resultado fue la mejoría clínica definida como paciente continente o seca. Los datos de efectividad y seguridad se extrajeron de la literatura. Se calculó la razón de costo-efectividad incremental. Se realizaron análisis de sensibilidad univariados y probabilísticos para los costos, efectos y supuestos del modelo. Resultados Los resultados del modelo indican que el costo por un caso adicional de mejoría clínica del cabestrillo comparado con la colposuspensión fue de $ 14 452 753 (4314 USD). El costo por un caso adicional de mejoría clínica de las cintas comparadas con el cabestrillo fue de $ 8 098 875 (2417 USD). Conclusión Desde el punto de vista económico, bajo los supuestos del modelo y desde el punto de vista del tercer pagador, las cintas de uretra media para el tratamiento de mujeres con incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo, son costo-efectivas para Colombia. Los resultados fueron sensibles a los costos de los procedimientos quirúrgicos y a la efectividad de los mismos.

Abstract Objective To estimate the cost-effectiveness of mid-urethral tapes compared with retropubic colposuspension and pubovaginal sling in patients with female stress urinary incontinence in Colombia. Methods A decision tree model was developed to compare tension-free mid-urethral tapes with retropubic colposuspension and pubovaginal sling for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence from a third-party payer perspective, including all direct costs. All monetary figures are expressed in Colombian pesos for 2019. The unit of outcome was clinical improvement defined as dry or continent patient. The effectiveness and safety data were extracted from a systematic literature search. We calculated the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. Univariate sensitivity analyzes were performed. Results Model results indicate that if the willingness to pay for a case of additional improvement is greater than $ 8 098 875 Colombian pesos (2417 USD), tension-free mid-urethral tapes represent the best alternative in terms of cost-effectiveness. These results were sensitive to the likelihood of clinical improvement of tension-free mid-urethral tapes. Conclusion From the economic point of view, under the assumptions of the model and from a third-party payer perspective, mid-urethral tapes for the treatment of women with stress urinary incontinence, are cost-effective in Colombia. The results were sensitive to the costs and the effectiveness of surgical procedures.

Is neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio a predictive factor for recurrence of urethral stricture?

SUMMARY INTRODUCTION Due to spongiofibrosis and inflammatory processes underlying the pathogenesis of urethral stricture, it is possible that the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) may give essential information about the course of the disease and recurrence possibilities. Our study aims to evaluate the correlation between NLR and recurrence rates. METHODS A total of 512 patients who underwent direct visual internal urethrotomy (DVIU) due to urethral stricture in our clinic between February 2010 and January 2018 were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS The median follow up for non-recurrent and recurrent groups after DVIU was 30 and 36 months, respectively. During the follow-up, 280 (54.7%) of the patients had recurrences, and 232 (45,3%) had no recurrences. The mean time for recurrence after DVIU was 6,5±1,4 months, with a range of 1-36 months. The mean NLR in the non-recurrence group was 2,02±0,87, with a median of 1.9, and 3,66±2,30, with a median of 3 in the recurrence group. A highly significant statistical difference was observed between two groups in terms of neutrophil count and NLR (p: 0.000 - both). The area under curve value for NLR was 0.767, with a standard error of 0.021 (95% CI 0.727-0.808). The cut-off value of NLR was determined as 2.25, with a 70% sensitivity and 67,7% specificity. CONCLUSION By using NLR, the inflammatory features of the urethral tissue can be predicted, and possible recurrences after surgery can be estimated. Consequently, open urethroplasty techniques can be used in cases with a significant NLR value instead of the recurrent endoscopic procedure.

RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO Devido à espongiofibrose e processos inflamatórios subjacentes à patogênese da estenose uretral, pode-se pensar que a relação de linfócitos neutrofílicos (NLR) pode fornecer informações essenciais sobre o curso da doença e as possibilidades de recorrência. O objetivo do nosso estudo é avaliar a correlação entre NLR e taxas de recorrência. MÉTODOS Quinhentos e doze pacientes submetidos à uretrotomia interna visual direta (DVIU) devido à estenose uretral em nossa clínica entre as datas de fevereiro de 2010 e janeiro de 2018 foram avaliados retrospectivamente. RESULTADOS A mediana de acompanhamento para os grupos não recorrentes e recorrentes após a DVIU foi de 30 e 36 meses, respectivamente. Durante o seguimento, 280 (54,7%) dos pacientes tiveram recidivas e 232 (45,3%) não tiveram recidivas. O tempo médio de recorrência após a DVIU foi de 6,5±1,4 mês, com variação de 1-36 meses. A média da RNL no grupo sem recorrência foi de 2,02±0,87 com mediana de 1,9 e 3,66±2,30 com mediana de 3 no grupo com recidiva. Uma diferença estatística altamente significativa foi observada entre dois grupos em termos de contagem de neutrófilos e NLR (p: 0,000 - ambos). A área sob o valor da curva para NLR foi de 0,767 com um erro padrão de 0,021 (IC 95% 0,727-0,808). Valor de corte de NLR determinado como 2,25 com uma sensibilidade de 70%, especificidade de 67,7%. CONCLUSÃO Ao utilizar a RNL, as características inflamatórias do tecido uretral podem ser previstas e possíveis recidivas após a cirurgia podem ser estimadas. Dessa forma, técnicas de uretroplastia aberta podem ser usadas em casos com valor significativo de NLR em vez de procedimento endoscópico recorrente.

The protective arm of the renin -angiotensin system may counteract the intense inflammatory process in fetuses with posterior urethral valves / O braço protetor do sistema renina-angiotensina pode contrapor-se ao intenso processo inflamatório em fetos com válvula de uretra posterior

Abstract Objective: Posterior urethral valve is the most common lower urinary tract obstruction in male children. A high percentage of patients with posterior urethral valve evolve to end‐stage renal disease. Previous studies showed that cytokines, chemokines, and components of the renin-angiotensin system contribute to the renal damage in obstructive uropathies. The authors recently found that urine samples from fetuses with posterior urethral valve have increased levels of inflammatory molecules. The aim of this study was to measure renin-angiotensin system molecules and to investigate their correlation with previously detected inflammatory markers in the same urine samples of fetuses with posterior urethral valve. Methods: Urine samples from 24 fetuses with posterior urethral valve were collected and compared to those from 22 healthy male newborns at the same gestational age (controls). Renin-angiotensin system components levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Fetuses with posterior urethral valve presented increased urinary levels of angiotensin (Ang) I, Ang‐(1‐7) and angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 in comparison with controls. ACE levels were significantly reduced and Ang II levels were similar in fetuses with posterior urethral valve in comparison with controls. Conclusions: Increased urinary levels of angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 and of Ang‐(1‐7) in fetuses with posterior urethral valve could represent a regulatory response to the intense inflammatory process triggered by posterior urethral valve.

Resumo Objetivo: A válvula de uretra posterior é a obstrução do trato urinário inferior mais comum em crianças do sexo masculino. Uma alta porcentagem de pacientes com válvula de uretra posterior evolui para doença renal em estágio final. Estudos anteriores mostraram que citocinas, quimiocinas e componentes do sistema renina-angiotensina contribuem para o dano renal em uropatias obstrutivas. Recentemente, descobrimos que amostras de urina de fetos com válvula de uretra posterior tinham níveis aumentados de moléculas inflamatórias. O objetivo deste estudo foi medir as moléculas de renina-angiotensina e investigar sua correlação com marcadores inflamatórios previamente detectados nas mesmas amostras de urina de fetos com válvula de uretra posterior. Métodos: Amostras de urina de 24 fetos com válvula de uretra posterior foram coletadas e comparadas com amostras de urina de 22 recém-nascidos saudáveis de mesma idade gestacional (controles). Os níveis dos componentes de SRA foram medidos por ensaio de imunoabsorção enzimática. Resultados: Os fetos com válvula de uretra posterior apresentaram níveis urinários aumentados de angiotensina (Ang) I, Ang-(1-7) e enzima conversora de angiotensina 2 em comparação com os controles. Os níveis de enzima conversora de angiotensina eram significativamente menores e os níveis de Ang II eram semelhantes nos fetos com válvula de uretra posterior em comparação com os controles. Conclusões: O aumento dos níveis urinários de enzima conversora de angiotensina 2 e de Ang-(1-7) em fetos com válvula de uretra posterior poderia representar uma resposta regulatória ao intenso processo inflamatório desencadeado pela válvula de uretra posterior.

Implantação de stent autoexpansível para tratamento de estenose uretral em cão: relato de caso / Implantation of self-expanding stent for treatment of urethral stenosis in dog - case report

O stent endovascular autoexpansível pode ser utilizado como forma de tratamento para estenose uretral em cães. O stent de nitinol é composto por uma liga de níquel e titânio que permite mudanças em suas estruturas sob a influência da temperatura corporal e tem excelente biocompatibilidade na uretra canina. Este estudo relata o caso de um cão, sem raça definida, 14 anos de idade, com histórico de disúria há duas semanas, diagnosticado com grande quantidade de cálculos e microcálculos na bexiga, no colo vesical e na uretra prostática, também cistite e hiperplasia prostática. Depois de tratamento para cistite, orquiectomia e cistotomia para retirada dos cálculos, porém sem melhora clínica após 30 dias de acompanhamento, com o paciente apresentando disúria, foi realizada uretrocistografia retrógrada, que evidenciou estenose da uretra prostática. Esse paciente foi encaminhado para procedimento de implantação de um stent de nitinol na uretra prostática. Imediatamente após o procedimento e até o presente momento, o paciente apresenta micção espontânea, sem qualquer sinal de disúria, sendo este o primeiro relato no Brasil do uso dessa técnica.(AU)

The endovascular stent is used for treatment of urethral stricture in dogs. The nitinol stent is composed by nickel and titanium alloy that allows changes in its structures under the influence of body temperature and has excellent biocompatibility in the canine urethra. This study aims to report a case of a 14 - year - old male dog without defined breed with dysuria for two weeks. Ultrasonographic evaluation revealed microcalculi and calculi in bladder, prostatic urethral obstruction and prostatic hyperplasia. Cystotomy was performed to remove uroliths, but after 30 days of hospitalization there was no clinical improvement. A double-contrast retrograde urethrocystography was performed and showed persistence of prostatic urethral obstruction. The pacient was submitted to a new surgery to place a self-expanding nitinol stent and presented spontaneous urination after the procedure. This is the first report of this technique in Brazil.(AU)

Indicaciones actuales de colocación de stent uretral Allium ­ revisión de la literatura / Current Indications for Urethral Allium Stent Placement­Review of the Literature

La estrechez de la uretra es una patología con una prevalencia del 0,6% de la población El estándar de oro establecido para su manejo es la uretroplastia con tasas de éxito variables de hasta el 90% al 95%. El stent uretral surgió en 1988 fabricado con malla de acero inoxidable. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron las complicaciones severas de su implantación. En el 2008 se introdujo el stent Allium producido en Israel con propiedades diferentes como elasticidad y flexibilidad. Puede utilizarse en diferentes entidades como estrechez de uretra bulbar, hiperplasia de próstata y la estenosis de la unión uretrovesical. Recientemente este Stent se está comercializando en Colombia, por lo cual consideramos importante revisar la literatura mundial, las complicaciones e indicaciones reales y así intentar evitar el uso inapropiado de esos dispositivos. Realizamos una Revisión de la literatura en PubMed y ClinicalKey incluyendo los términos, "Stent", "Allium" y "Urethral", incluyendo articulos en inglés y en español. Se encontraron 4 artículos retrospectivos en poblaciones heterogéneas con tasas de éxito inferiores a la cirugía reconstructiva. No se encontraron estudios comparativos. Las indicaciones actuales para colocar un stent uretral podrían ser pacientes en quienes no se puede realizar uretroplastia, o en quienes el manejo endoscópico de la uretra posterior no haya sido efectivo. También pu

Urethral stricture disease is a pathology with a prevalence of 0.6% of the population The gold standard established for its management is urethroplasty with variable success rates of up to 90% to 95%. The urethral stent arose in 1988 manufactured with stainless steel mesh. The results obtained showed the severe complications of its implantation. In 2008, the Allium stent was produced in Israel with different properties such as elasticity and flexibility. It can be used in different entities such as bulbar urethra strictures, prostatic hyperplasia and stenosis of the urethrovesical junction. Recently this Stent is being marketed in Colombia, which is why we consider important to review the literature, complications and real indications and thus try to avoid the inappropriate use of these devices. We conducted a literature review in PubMed and ClinicalKey including the terms "Stent", "Allium" and "Urethral", including articles in English and Spanish. We found 4 retrospective articles in heterogeneous populations with success rates lower than reconstructive surgery. No comparative studies were found. Current indications to place a stent urethral could be patients in whom urethroplasty cannot be performed, or in patients in which endoscopic management of the posterior urethra has not been effective. It can also be an alternative for patients with permanent bladder catheter due to prostatic hyperplasia not suitable for surgery